E fa'afefea ona a'afia vaega fa'atonutonu ma fa'amaumauga PPK le sa'o sa'o o le fa'ata'ita'iga 3D

I nei fa'ata'ita'iga e lua, na matou fa'ailoa mai ai ni suiga eseese se fa e fa'amaonia ai le sa'o sa'o o le ata 3D. O fesuiaiga eseese e fa o:

1: Ituaiga drone ave:se VTOL drone po'o se multi-rotor drone

2:GSD ese

3: Fa'atasi ai ma/Leai ni vaega e pulea ai le eleele

4: Faʻatasi ma / aunoa ma faʻamatalaga PPK

Fa'ata'ita'iga 1: o le a'afiaga o 'ele'ele e pulea ai (GCPs) i luga ole sa'o sa'o o le fa'ata'ita'iga 3D;

Tulaga 1

Ta'avale ta'avale	Mea pu'eata fa'ata'ita'i	GSD	PPK
CW10 VTOL	DG4pros	2cm	ioe

Fa'ai'uga Lisi 1:

Numera o Mea	fuaina umi（L0）	Fa'ata'ita'iga 3D umi (L1) e aunoa ma le GCP	Fa'ata'ita'iga 3D umi (L2) fa'atasi ai ma le GCP	Ds1（L0-L1）	Ds2（L0-L2）
1	7.210	7.20	7.21	0.01	0.00
	8.706	8.71	8.68	0.00	0.03
	10.961	10.87	10.90	0.09	0.06
2	7.010	6.89	6.98	0.12	0.03
3	1.822	1.79	1.80	0.03	0.02
4	10.410	10.39	10.40	0.02	0.01
5	10.718	10.67	10.70	0.05	0.02
6	13.787	13.75	13.77	0.04	0.02
7	11.404	11.39	11.39	0.01	0.01
	12.147	12.13	12.13	0.02	0.02
8	7.526	7.51	7.49	0.02	0.04
	13.797	13.79	13.81	0.01	-0.01
9	10.374	10.35	10.36	0.02	0.01
10	2.109	2.03	2.02	0.08	0.09
	4.281	4.15	4.16	0.13	0.12
11	14.675	14.61	14.66	0.07	0.02
	8.600	8.60	8.54	0.00	0.06
12	13.394	13.37	13.35	0.02	0.04
13	12.940	12.88	12.89	0.06	0.05
14	7.190	7.20	7.18	-0.01	0.01
15	13.371	13.36	13.35	0.01	0.02
	6.435	6.40	6.41	0.03	0.02
16	3.742	3.75	3.72	-0.01	0.02
17	6.022	5.97	5.98	0.05	0.04
18	3.937	3.93	3.89	0.01	0.05
19	8.120	8.10	8.12	0.02	0.00
	14.411	14.40	14.40	0.01	0.01
20	6.077	6.04	6.03	0.04	0.05
21	13.696	13.65	13.66	0.05	0.04
RMSE: Ds1=0.0342m，Ds2=0.0308m

Tulaga 2

Ta'avale ta'avale	Mea pu'eata fa'ata'ita'i	GSD	PPK
CW10 VTOL	DG4pros	2cm	leai

Fa'ai'uga Lisi 2:

Numera o Mea	fuaina umi（L0）	Fa'ata'ita'iga 3D umi (L1) e aunoa ma le GCP	Fa'ata'ita'iga 3D umi (L2) fa'atasi ai ma le GCP	Ds1（L0-L1）	Ds2（L0-L2）
1	7.210	7.18	7.18	0.030	0.030
	8.706	8.69	8.68	0.016	0.026
	10.961	10.89	10.91	0.071	0.051
2	7.010	6.88	6.92	0.130	0.090
3	1.822	1.76	1.79	0.062	0.032
4	10.410	10.38	10.39	0.030	0.020
5	10.718	10.65	10.66	0.068	0.058
6	13.787	13.72	13.77	0.067	0.017
7	11.404	11.41	11.38	-0.006	0.024
	12.147	12.13	12.12	0.017	0.027
8	7.526	7.44	7.47	0.086	0.056
	13.797	13.83	13.83	-0.033	-0.033
9	10.374	10.35	10.34	0.024	0.034
10	2.109	1.98	2.03	0.129	0.079
	4.281	4.14	4.18	0.141	0.101
11	14.675	14.55	14.59	0.125	0.085
	8.600	8.58	8.57	0.020	0.030
12	13.394	13.36	13.35	0.034	0.044
13	12.940	12.95	12.92	-0.010	0.020
14	7.190	7.21	7.21	-0.020	-0.020
15	13.371	13.36	13.36	0.011	0.011
	6.435	6.37	6.43	0.065	0.005
16	3.742	3.74	3.72	0.002	0.022
17	6.022	6.03	6.00	-0.008	0.022
18	3.937	3.91	3.94	0.027	-0.003
19	8.120	8.09	8.09	0.030	0.030
	14.411	14.40	14.41	0.011	0.001
20	6.077	6.06	6.03	0.017	0.047
21	13.696	13.68	13.65	0.016	0.046
RMSE: Ds1=0.0397m，Ds2=0.0328m

Tulaga 3

Ta'avale ta'avale	Mea pu'eata fa'ata'ita'i	GSD	PPK
CW10 VTOL	DG4pros	1.5cm	ioe

Lisi Fa'ai'uga 3:

Numera o Mea	fuaina umi（L0）	Fa'ata'ita'iga 3D umi (L1) e aunoa ma le GCP	Fa'ata'ita'iga 3D umi (L2) fa'atasi ai ma le GCP	Ds1（L0-L1）	Ds2（L0-L2）
1	7.210	7.20	7.21	0.01	0.00
	8.706	8.69	8.7	0.02	0.01
	10.961	10.88	10.89	0.08	0.07
2	7.010	6.87	6.99	0.14	0.02
3	1.822	1.75	1.78	0.07	0.04
4	10.410	10.38	10.39	0.03	0.02
5	10.718	10.69	10.69	0.03	0.03
6	13.787	13.78	13.76	0.01	0.03
7	11.404	11.38	11.39	0.02	0.01
	12.147	12.12	12.12	0.03	0.03
8	7.526	7.49	7.51	0.04	0.02
	13.797	13.78	13.8	0.02	0.00
9	10.374	10.34	10.35	0.03	0.02
10	2.109	2.02	2.11	0.09	0.00
	4.281	4.21	4.28	0.07	0.00
11	14.675	14.65	14.68	0.03	0.00
	8.600	8.57	8.53	0.03	0.07
12	13.394	13.40	13.37	-0.01	0.02
13	12.940	12.89	12.91	0.05	0.03
14	7.190	7.18	7.2	0.01	-0.01
15	13.371	13.38	13.35	-0.01	0.02
	6.435	6.46	6.4	-0.03	0.03
16	3.742	3.75	3.71	-0.01	0.03
17	6.022	5.97	5.98	0.05	0.04
18	3.937	3.91	3.89	0.03	0.05
19	8.120	8.08	8.1	0.04	0.02
	14.411	14.38	14.39	0.03	0.02
20	6.077	6.05	6.03	0.03	0.05
21	13.696	13.67	13.64	0.03	0.06
RMSE: Ds1=0.0328m，Ds2=0.0249m

Tulaga 4

Ta'avale ta'avale	Mea pu'eata fa'ata'ita'i	GSD	PPK
CW10 VTOL	DG4pros	1.5cm	leai

Lisi Fa'ai'uga 4:

Numera o Mea	fuaina umi（L0）	Fa'ata'ita'iga 3D umi (L1) e aunoa ma le GCP	Fa'ata'ita'iga 3D umi (L2) fa'atasi ai ma le GCP	Ds1（L0-L1）	Ds2（L0-L2）
1	7.210	7.20	7.21	0.010	0
	8.706	8.65	8.68	0.056	0.026
	10.961	10.90	10.87	0.061	0.091
2	7.010	6.86	6.88	0.150	0.13
3	1.822	1.76	1.76	0.062	0.062
4	10.410	10.37	10.38	0.040	0.03
5	10.718	10.68	10.72	0.038	-0.002
6	13.787	13.71	13.79	0.077	-0.003
7	11.404	11.38	11.38	0.024	0.024
	12.147	12.12	12.13	0.027	0.017
8	7.526	7.49	7.53	0.036	-0.004
	13.797	13.77	13.78	0.027	0.017
9	10.374	10.35	10.37	0.024	0.004
10	2.109	2.09	2.11	0.019	-0.001
	4.281	4.19	4.28	0.091	0.001
11	14.675	14.64	14.67	0.035	0.005
	8.600	8.57	8.58	0.030	0.02
12	13.394	13.38	13.39	0.014	0.004
13	12.940	12.91	12.9	0.030	0.04
14	7.190	7.20	7.19	-0.010	0
15	13.371	13.38	13.37	-0.009	0.001
	6.435	6.43	6.42	0.005	0.015
16	3.742	3.70	3.7	0.042	0.042
17	6.022	5.99	5.98	0.032	0.042
18	3.937	3.94	3.91	-0.003	0.027
19	8.120	8.12	8.07	0.000	0.05
	14.411	14.37	14.38	0.041	0.031
20	6.077	6.04	6.04	0.037	0.037
21	13.696	13.65	13.65	0.046	0.046
RMSE: Ds1=0.0356m，Ds2=0.0259m

Tulaga 5

Ta'avale ta'avale	Mea pu'eata fa'ata'ita'i	GSD	PPK
DJI M600 Pro tele-rotor	DG4pros	1.5cm	leai

Fa'ai'uga Lisi 5:

Numera o Mea	fuaina umi（L0）	Fa'ata'ita'iga 3D umi (L1) e aunoa ma le GCP	Fa'ata'ita'iga 3D umi (L2) fa'atasi ai ma le GCP	Ds1（L0-L1）	Ds2（L0-L2）
1	7.210	7.19	7.21	0.02	0.00
	8.706	8.70	8.70	0.01	0.01
	10.961	10.91	10.91	0.05	0.05
2	7.010	6.98	6.98	0.03	0.03
3	1.822	1.79	1.80	0.03	0.02
4	10.410	10.39	10.39	0.02	0.02
5	10.718	10.69	10.70	0.03	0.02
6	13.787	13.76	13.75	0.03	0.04
7	11.404	11.38	11.38	0.02	0.02
	12.147	12.12	12.13	0.03	0.02
8	7.526	7.50	7.49	0.03	0.04
	13.797	13.77	13.79	0.03	0.01
9	10.374	10.33	10.35	0.04	0.02
10	2.109	2.02	2.07	0.09	0.04
	4.281	4.20	4.21	0.08	0.07
11	14.675	14.65	14.66	0.03	0.02
	8.600	8.57	8.57	0.03	0.03
12	13.394	13.35	13.35	0.04	0.04
13	12.940	12.92	12.93	0.02	0.01
14	7.190	7.17	7.18	0.02	0.01
15	13.371	13.35	13.36	0.02	0.01
	6.435	6.41	6.42	0.02	0.01
16	3.742	3.70	3.71	0.04	0.03
17	6.022	5.99	6.00	0.03	0.02
18	3.937	3.89	3.91	0.05	0.03
19	8.120	8.08	8.10	0.04	0.02
	14.411	14.36	14.35	0.05	0.06
20	6.077	6.06	6.06	0.02	0.02
21	13.696	13.65	13.67	0.05	0.03
RMSE: Ds1=0.0342m，Ds2=0.0256m

Fa'ai'uga

Ole fesuiaiga ole su'ega 1 ole:

1: Faʻatasi ma / aunoa ma faʻamatalaga PPK.

2: Tu'aiga drone ave:se VTOL drone po'o se multi-rotor drone

3: GSD ese: 1.5 cm poʻo le 2cm

A maeʻa suʻesuʻega o seti e lima o faʻamatalaga faʻataʻitaʻiga, e mafai ona tatou tusia faʻamatalaga nei:

A'o DG4Pros le meapueata:

(1) Faatasi ai ma / A aunoa ma le pulea o le eleele (GCP) o loʻo aʻafia i le AT triangulation, pe o se VTOL poʻo se multi-rotor drone, pe o le GSD o le 2cm poʻo le 1.5cm, o le 3D faʻataʻitaʻiga na fausia e le oblique camera DG4Pros e mafai ona fetaui ma le mana'oga ole sa'o sa'o fa'atatau Ds≤10cm.

(2) Afai e iai/e aunoa ma GCP o le fesuiaiga e tasi, o le sa'o sa'o o le ata 3D ma GCP e sili atu nai lo le leai o se GCP.

(3) Afai o le GSD o le fesuiaiga e tasi, o le saʻo saʻo o le faʻataʻitaʻiga 3D e sili atu le GSD 1.5cm nai lo le GSD 2cm.

(4) Afai o le ta'avale va'aia o le tasi le fesuiaiga, o le sa'o sa'o o le fa'ata'ita'iga 3D e sili atu le fa'aogaina o le multi-rotor nai lo le fa'aaogaina o le VTOL e avea ma se va'a.

Fa'ata'ita'iga 2: A aunoa ma ni GCP, o le a'afiaga o fa'amaumauga a le PPK i le sa'o sa'o o le fa'ata'ita'iga 3D.

Tulaga 1

Ta'avale ta'avale	Mea pu'eata fa'ata'ita'i	GSD	GCPs
CW10 VTOL	DG4pros	2cm	LEAI

Fa'ai'uga Lisi 1:

Numera o Mea	fuaina umi（L0）	Fa'ata'ita'iga 3D umi (L1) e aunoa ma le PPK	Fa'ata'ita'iga 3D umi (L2) fa'atasi ma le PPK	Ds1（L0-L1）	Ds2（L0-L2）
1	7.210	7.18	7.20	0.030	0.01
	8.706	8.69	8.71	0.016	0.00
	10.961	10.89	10.87	0.071	0.09
2	7.010	6.88	6.89	0.130	0.12
3	1.822	1.76	1.79	0.062	0.03
4	10.410	10.38	10.39	0.030	0.02
5	10.718	10.65	10.67	0.068	0.05
6	13.787	13.72	13.75	0.067	0.04
7	11.404	11.41	11.39	-0.006	0.01
	12.147	12.13	12.13	0.017	0.02
8	7.526	7.44	7.51	0.086	0.02
	13.797	13.83	13.79	-0.033	0.01
9	10.374	10.35	10.35	0.024	0.02
10	2.109	1.98	2.03	0.129	0.08
	4.281	4.14	4.15	0.141	0.13
11	14.675	14.55	14.61	0.125	0.07
	8.600	8.58	8.60	0.020	0.00
12	13.394	13.36	13.37	0.034	0.02
13	12.940	12.95	12.88	-0.010	0.06
14	7.190	7.21	7.20	-0.020	-0.01
15	13.371	13.36	13.36	0.011	0.01
	6.435	6.37	6.40	0.065	0.03
16	3.742	3.74	3.75	0.002	-0.01
17	6.022	6.03	5.97	-0.008	0.05
18	3.937	3.91	3.93	0.027	0.01
19	8.120	8.09	8.10	0.030	0.02
	14.411	14.40	14.40	0.011	0.01
20	6.077	6.06	6.04	0.017	0.04
21	13.696	13.68	13.65	0.016	0.05
RMSE Ds1=0.0397m，Ds2=0.0342m

Muamua:E fa'afefea ona a'afia ima le chromatic aberration ma distortion

Sosoo:E fa'afefea ona a'afia i'uga fa'ata'ita'iga 3D

Toe fo'i

RIY mea pu'e fa'ata'atia

RIE mea pu'e tioata tasi

Mea fa'aoga

Faapolofesa

E sili atu nai lo le mama

Fa'asao le taimi

A'oa'o faagaioiga ile 10 minute

Tulaga maualuga ata ma sa'o

Fa'asoa fa'atasi

Malosi ma saogalemu

E mafai ona tu'ufa'atasia ma le tele o ituaiga drones

Su'esu'ega/GIS

Aai Atamai

Fausiaina/Maina

Puipuiga o Turisi/fale anamua

Militeri/Leoleo

Mataupu

Fa'ata'ita'iga 1: o le a'afiaga o 'ele'ele e pulea ai (GCPs) i luga ole sa'o sa'o o le fa'ata'ita'iga 3D;

Tulaga 1

Fa'ai'uga Lisi 1:

Tulaga 2

Fa'ai'uga Lisi 2:

Tulaga 3

Lisi Fa'ai'uga 3:

Tulaga 4

Lisi Fa'ai'uga 4:

Tulaga 5

Fa'ai'uga Lisi 5:

Fa'ai'uga

Fa'ata'ita'iga 2: A aunoa ma ni GCP, o le a'afiaga o fa'amaumauga a le PPK i le sa'o sa'o o le fa'ata'ita'iga 3D.

Tulaga 1

Fa'ai'uga Lisi 1:

O'OGA+

TALOSAGA+

Mataupu+

Faatatau ia tatou+

FAAFESOOTAI MATOU